A5     PROBLEM DEFINITION/BACKGROUND

 

In 1991, the Texas Legislature passed the Texas Clean River Act (Senate Bill 818) in response to growing concerns that water resource issues were not being pursued in an integrated, systematic manner.  The act requires that ongoing water quality assessments be conducted for each river basin in Texas, an approach that integrates water quality issues within the watershed.  The CRP legislation mandates that “each river authority (or local governing entity) shall submit quality-assured data collected in the river basin to the commission.” “Quality-assured data” in the context of the legislation means “data that comply with commission rules for surface water quality monitoring programs, including rules governing the methods under which water samples are collected and analyzed and data from those samples are assessed and maintained.” This QAPP addresses the program developed between the SRA and the TCEQ to carry out the activities mandated by the legislation.  The QAPP was developed and will be implemented in accordance with provisions of the Quality Management Plan for the Clean Rivers Program (most recent version). 

 

The purpose of this QAPP is to clearly delineate SRA QA policy, management structure, and procedures which will be used to implement the QA requirements necessary to verify and validate the surface water quality data collected. The QAPP is reviewed by the TCEQ to help ensure that data generated for the purposes described above are scientifically valid and legally defensible.  This process will ensure that data collected under this QAPP and submitted to the statewide database have been collected and managed in a way that guarantees its reliability and therefore can be used in water quality assessments and other programs deemed appropriate by the TCEQ.  Project results will be used to support the achievement of Clean Rivers Program objectives as contained in the Clean Rivers Program Guidance and Reference Guide FY 2006 -2007.

 

The SRA Environmental Services Division (ESD) collects surface water quality data as part of its commitment to water quality protection in the Sabine Basin.  This Water Quality Monitoring Program (WQMP) includes routine monitoring and analyses of physical, chemical, bacteriological, and biological parameters.  SRA also conducts special investigations concerning pollution complaints.

 

The basin topography has been used to divide the Basin into 110 subwatersheds (24 of these are located in Louisiana), which are organized into 7 reaches.  A ‘reach’ of the main-stem of the River roughly corresponds to the old segment system but the reaches are based on hydrography and similarity of land features.  This system allows a manager to determine which areas have adequate water quality information and which areas do not.  The subwatershed approach also incorporates risk factors such as municipal and industrial outfalls, solid waste sites, urban and rural land use, etc., into the decision making process.

 

Water quality data is analyzed using the data analysis program developed by SRA following guidance from the TCEQ.  The Routine and Special Study Monitoring programs are reviewed each year to consider revisions in every aspect of the programs.

 

Monitoring plans were developed by the SRA and other monitoring partners in cooperation with TCEQ staff at the annual coordinated monitoring meetings.  The SRA will conduct 24-hour dissolved oxygen monitoring on Indian Creek upstream of the city of Winnsboro’s wastewater treatment discharge to determine dissolved oxygen criteria for permitting purposes.

 

Additional sampling will be conducted under this QAPP by City of Longview personnel to provide data from sites not covered by the SRA sampling program. 

 

 

A6     PROJECT/TASK DESCRIPTION

 

SRA will conduct monitoring at routine monitoring sites to adequately characterize water quality trends and monitor progress in protecting or restoring water in the Sabine Basin.  All monitoring plans are coordinated with the TCEQ regional offices to avoid duplication of effort.  The routine monitoring sites include 44 sampling sites that are monitored monthly for routine physical and chemical parameters.  Selected sites are also monitored annually for metals in water and metals in sediment.  Details of the monitoring schedule, parameters, and sampling locations are included in Appendix B.

Routine monitoring will be conducted by the City of Longview at two sampling sites on Lake Cherokee.

See Appendix A for the project-related work plan tasks and schedule of deliverables for a description of work defined in this QAPP.  

 

See Appendix B for sampling design and monitoring pertaining to this QAPP.

 

Amendments to the QAPP

 

Revisions to the QAPP may be necessary to address incorrectly documented information or to reflect changes in project organization, tasks, schedules, objectives, and methods. Requests for amendments will be directed from the SRA Project Manager to the CRP Project Manager electronically.  They are effective immediately upon approval by the SRA Project Manager, the SRA QAO, the CRP Project Manager, the CRP Lead QA Specialist, and the CRP Project QA Specialist.  They will be incorporated into the QAPP by way of attachment and distributed to personnel on the distribution list by the SRA Project Manager. 

 

Special Project Appendices

 

Projects requiring QAPP appendices will be planned in consultation with the SRA and the TCEQ Project Manager and TCEQ technical staff.  Appendices will be written in an abbreviated format and will reference the Basin QAPP where appropriate.  Appendices will be approved by the SRA Project Manager, the SRA QAO, the CRP Project Manager, the CRP Project QA Specialist, the CRP Lead QA Specialist and other TCEQ personnel as appropriate.  Copies of approved QAPP’s appendices will be distributed by the SRA to project participants before data collection activities commence.


A7     QUALITY OBJECTIVES AND CRITERIA

 

The purpose of routine water quality monitoring is to collect surface water quality data needed  for conducting water quality assessments in accordance with TCEQ’s Guidance for Assessing Texas Surface and Finished Drinking Water Quality Data.  These water quality data, and data collected by other organizations (e.g., USGS, TCEQ, etc.), will be subsequently reconciled for use and assessed by the TCEQ.

 

The purpose for data collected for Special Study monitoring will be addressed in Appendix E.

 

The measurement performance specifications to support the project objectives for a minimum data set are specified in Table A7.1 and in the text following.  The SRA laboratory will perform all of the analyses listed in Table A7.1.

Table A7.1 - Measurement Performance Specifications


PARAMETER

UNITS

MATRIX

METHOD

STORET

AWRL

Lab
Reporting
Limit (RL)

RECOVERY at RLs

PRECISION
(RPD of LCS/LCS dup)

BIAS
(%Rec. of LCS)

Lab

Field Parameters

pH

pH units

water

EPA 150.1 and TCEQ SOP

00400

NA*

NA

NA

NA

NA

Field

DO

mg/L

water

EPA 360.1 and TCEQ SOP

00300

NA*

NA

NA

NA

NA

Field

Percent Saturation of DO

%

water

EPA 360.1 and TCEQ SOP

00301

NA*

NA

NA

NA

NA

Field

Conductivity

µS/cm

water

EPA 120.1 and TCEQ SOP

00094

NA*

NA

NA

NA

NA

Field

Salinity

ppt, marine only

water

SM 2520 and TCEQ SOP

00480

NA*

NA

NA

NA

NA

Field

TDS, calculated

mg/L

water

calculation

70294

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

Field

Temperature

oC

water

EPA 170.1 and TCEQ SOP

00010

NA*

NA

NA

NA

NA

Field

Secchi Depth

meters

water

TCEQ SOP

00078

NA*

NA

NA

NA

NA

Field

Days since last significant rainfall

days

NA

TCEQ SOP

72053

NA*

NA

NA

NA

NA

Field

Water Color

1-brown
2-reddish
3-green
4-black
5-clear
6-other

water

Field Observation

89969

NA*

NA

NA

NA

NA

Field

Water Odor

1-sewage
2-oily/chemical
3-rottenegg
4-musky
5-fishy
6-none
7-other

water

Field Observation

89971

NA*

NA

NA

NA

NA

Field

Weather

1-clear
2-ptcloudy
3-cloudy
4- rain

NA

Field Observation

89966

NA*

NA

NA

NA

NA

Field

Wind Intensity

1-calm
2-slight
3-moderate
4-strong

Air

Field Observation

89965

NA*

NA

NA

NA

NA

Field

Wind Direction

1-North
2-South
3-East
4-West
5-Northeast
6-Southeast
7-Northwest
8-Southwest

Air

Field Observation

89010

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

Field

Total water depth

meters

water

TCEQ RWA SOP

82903

NA*

NA

NA

NA

NA

Field

Flow

cfs

water

TCEQ SOP

00061

NA*

NA

NA

NA

NA

Field

Flow measurement method

1-gage
2-electric
3-mechanical
4-weir/flume
5-doppler

water

TCEQ SOP

89835

NA*

NA

NA

NA

NA

Field

Flow severity

1-no flow,
2-low,
3-normal,
4-flood,
5-high,
6-dry

water

TCEQ SOP

01351

NA*

NA

NA

NA

NA

Field

24hrDO avg.

mg/L

water

EPA 360.1

89857

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

Field

24hr DO min.

mg/L

water

EPA 360.1

89855

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

Field

24hrDO max.

mg/L

water

EPA 360.1

89856

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

Field

24hrDO num. meas.

--

water

TCEQ SOP/ Calculation

89858

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

Field

24-hr avg. water temperature

oC

water

TCEQ SOP/ Calculation

00209

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

Field

max daily water temperature

oC

water

TCEQ SOP/ Calculation

00210

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

Field

min daily water temperature

oC

water

TCEQ SOP/ Calculation

00211

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

Field

24hr temperature number measurements

--

water

TCEQ SOP/ Calculation

00221

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

Field

24-hr avg. conductivity

µS/cm

water

TCEQ SOP/ Calculation

00212

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

Field

max daily conductivity

µS/cm

water

TCEQ SOP/ Calculation

00213

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

Field

min daily conductivity

µS/cm

water

TCEQ SOP/ Calculation

00214

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

Field

24hr conductivity number measurements

--

water

TCEQ SOP/ Calculation

00222

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

Field

max daily pH

pH units

water

TCEQ SOP/ Calculation

00215

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

Field

min daily pH

pH units

water

TCEQ SOP/ Calculation

00216

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

Field

24hr pH  number measurements

--

water

TCEQ SOP/ Calculation

00223

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

Field

Conventional and Bacteriological Parameters

TOC

mg/L

water

EPA 415.1

00680

2.0

1

75‑125

20

80‑120

SRA

TSS

mg/L

water

EPA 160.2

00530

4

3

NA

20

NA

SRA

Turbidity

NAU

water

SM 2130B

82079

0.5

0.5

75‑125

20

80‑120

SRA

Alkalinity, total

mg/L

water

EPA 310.1

00410

10

10

NA

20

80‑120

SRA

Sulfate

mg/L

water

EPA 300.0

00945

10

10

75-125

20

80-120

SRA

Chloride

mg/L

water

EPA 300.0

00940

10

10

75-125

20

80-120

SRA

Chlorophyll-a,  spectrophotometric method

µg/L

water

EPA 446.0

32211

5

5

75-125

20

NA

SRA

Pheophytin, spectrophotometric method

µg/L

water

EPA 446.0

32218

3

3

75-125

20

NA

SRA

E. coli, IDEXX Colilert

MPN/100 mL

water

SM 9223-B

31699

1

1

NA

0.5**

NA

SRA

Enterococcus, IDEXX Enterolert

MPN/100 mL

water

ASTM D-6503

31701

1

1

NA

0.5**

NA

SRA

Fecal coliform, membrane filtration

org/100mL

water

Std. Methods 9222-D

31616

1

1

NA

0.5**

NA

SRA

Fecal, Streptococcus

CFU/100ml

water

Std. Methods 9230C

31673

1

1

NA

1

NA

SRA

BOD, 5‑day

mg/L

water

EPA 405.1

00310

2

2

NA

20

NA

SRA

Fluoride, total

mg/L

water

EPA 300.0

00951

0.5

0.5

75-125

20

80-120

SRA

Hardness, total (as CaC03)

mg/L

water

EPA 130.2

00900

5

5

NA

20

80-120

SRA

Ammonia-N, total

mg/L

water

EPA 350.1

00610

0.02

0.02

75-125

20

80-120

SRA

Nitrate-N, total

mg/L

water

EPA 300.0

00620

0.02

0.02

75-125

20

80-120

SRA

Nitrite‑N

mg/L

water

EPA 300.0

00615

0.02

0.02

75‑125

20

80‑120

SRA

Total Kjeldahl N

mg/L

water

EPA 351.3

00625

0.2

0.2

75-125

20

80-120

SRA

O-phosphate-P

mg/L

water

EPA 300.1

00671

0.04

0.04

75-125

20

80-120

SRA

Phosphorus, total

mg/L

water

EPA 365.3

00665

0.06

0.06

75-125

20

80-120

SRA

Metals

Arsenic, dis.

µg/L

water

EPA 206.2 GFAA/ EPA 200.8 ICP-MS

01000

5

1

75‑125

20

75‑125

SRA

Barium, dis.

µg/L

water

EPA 200.7 ICP/ EPA 200.8 ICP-MS

01005

1000

1

75-125

10

75-125

SRA

Cadmium, dis.

µg/L

water

EPA 213.2 GFAA/ EPA 200.8 ICP-MS

01025

0.1 For waters <50 mg/l hardness
0.3 for waters > 50 mg/L
hardness

0.1

75‑125

20

75‑125

SRA

Chromium, dis.

µg/L

water

EPA 200.7 ICP/ EPA 200.8 ICP-MS

01030

10

0.1

75‑125

20

75‑125

SRA

Copper, dis.

µg/L

water

EPA 200.7 ICP/ EPA 200.8 ICP-MS

01040

1 for waters <50 mg/L hardness
______ 3 for waters >50 mg/L hardness

0.1

75‑125

20

75‑125

SRA

Lead, dis.

µg/L

water

EPA 239.2 GFAA/ EPA 200.8 ICP-MS

01049

0.1 for waters <85 mg/L hardness
______ 1 for waters >85 mg/L hardness

0.1

75‑125

20

75‑125

SRA

Nickel, dis.

µg/L

water

EPA 200.8 ICP-MS

01065

10

0.1

75‑125

20

75‑125

SRA

Selenium, total

µg/L

water

EPA 200.8 ICP-MS

01147

2

1

75‑125

20

75‑125

SRA

Silver, dis.

µg/L

water

EPA 200.8 ICP-MS

01075

0.5

0.1

75‑125

20

75‑125

SRA

Zinc, dis.

µg/L

water

EPA 200.8 ICP-MS

01090

5

1

75‑125

20

75‑125

SRA

Metals in Sediment

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Arsenic in sediment

mg/kg

sediment

SW 846 6020 ICP-MS

01003

7

0.2

75-125

10

70-130

SRA

Barium in sediment

mg/kg

sediment

SW 846 6020 ICP-MS

01008

200

0.2

75-125

10

70-130

SRA

Cadmium in sediment

mg/kg

sediment

SW 846 6020 ICP-MS

01028

0.6

0.2

75-125

10

70-130

SRA

Chromium in sediment

mg/kg

sediment

SW 846 6020 ICP-MS

01029

21

0.2

75-125

10

70-130

SRA

Copper in sediment

mg/kg

sediment

SW 846 6020 ICP-MS

01043

14

0.2

75-125

10

70-130

SRA

Lead in sediment

mg/kg

sediment

SW 846 6020 ICP-MS

01052

20

0.2

75-125

10

70-130

SRA

Mercury in sediment

mg/kg

sediment

SW 846

7471/ 6020 ICP-MS

71921

0.1

0.01

75-125

10

70-130

SRA

Nickel in sediment

mg/kg

sediment

SW 846 6020 ICP-MS

01068

15

0.2

75-125

10

70-130

SRA

Selenium in sediment

mg/kg

sediment

SW 846 6020 ICP-MS

01148

1

0.2

75-125

10

70-130

SRA

Silver in sediment

mg/kg

sediment

SW 846 6020 ICP-MS

01078

0.5

0.2

75-125

10

70-130

SRA

Zinc in sediment

mg/kg

sediment

SW 846 6020 ICP-MS

01093

64

0.2

75-125

10

70-130

SRA

*                  Reporting to be consistent with SWQM guidance and based on measurement capability.
**               Based on a range statistic as described in Standard Methods, 20th Edition, Section 9020-B, Quality Assurance/Quality Control - Intralaboratory Quality Control Guidelines.  This criterion applies to bacteriological duplicates with concentrations >10 MPN/100mL or 10 organisms/100mL.
References for Table A7.1:

References for Table A7.1:

United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes Manual EPA-600/4-79-020
American Public Health Association (APHA), American Water Works Association (AWWA), and Water Environment Federation (WEF), Standard Methods       for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th Edition, 1998.  (Note: (The 21st edition may be cited if it becomes available.)

TCEQ SOP,V1 - TCEQ Surface Water Quality Monitoring Procedures, Volume 1:  Physical and Chemical Monitoring Methods for Water, Sediment, and Tissue 2003 (RG-415).

TCEQ SOP, V2 - TCEQ Surface Water Quality Monitoring Procedures, Volume 2: Methods for Collecting and Analyzing Biological Community and Habitat Data, 2005 (RG-416)

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Annual Book of Standards, Vol. 11.02

Appendix B          Sampling Process Design and Monitoring Schedule (plan)

 

Sample Design Rationale

 

The sample design is based on the legislative intent of the Clean Rivers Program. Under the legislation, the Basin Planning Agencies have been tasked with providing data to characterize water quality conditions in support of the 305(b) assessment, and to identify significant long-term water quality trends.  Based on Steering Committee input, achievable water quality objectives and priorities and the identification of water quality issues are used to develop work plans which are in accord with available resources.  As part of the Steering Committee process, the SRA coordinates closely with the TCEQ and other participants to ensure a comprehensive water monitoring strategy within the watershed.  Past assessments in the Sabine Basin have been used to focus limited monitoring resources on high priority subwatersheds.  The 1999 Summary of Water Quality Report for the Sabine Basin identified several Subwatersheds with water quality problems.  The Subwatersheds selected for special studies were determined by ranking from the SRA staff and the SRA Steering Committee.

 

Site Selection Criteria

 

This data collection effort involves monitoring routine water quality, using procedures that are consistent with the TCEQ SWQM program, for the purpose of data entry into the statewide database maintained by the TCEQ.  To this end, some general guidelines are followed when selecting sampling sites, as basically outlined below, and discussed thoroughly in the TCEQ Surface Water Quality Monitoring Procedures, Volume 1 (RG-415).  Overall consideration is given to accessibility and safety.  All monitoring activities have been developed with coordination with the CRP Steering Committee and with the TCEQ.  

 

1.               Routine monitoring sites are representative of in-stream data and are free from back-water effects.

2.               Routine monitoring sites are selected to maximize stream coverage or basin coverage.  For very long stretches of river length, a station is considered representative of a water body for not more than 25 miles in freshwater and tidal streams.  A single monitoring site is considered representative of 25 percent of the total reservoir acres and estuary or ocean square miles, but not more than 5,120 acres or 8 square miles.

3.               Routine monitoring sites are located preferentially where there are “localized” water quality effects based on past water quality data.

4.               Routine monitoring sites are located where historical data exists.  No degradation of water quality may be indicated. However, the continuation of water quality monitoring at this site has been deemed important.

5.               At least one site for each classified segment will be selected for routine monitoring unless the segment is already covered by TCEQ or other qualified monitoring entities reporting routine data to TCEQ.

6.               Routine monitoring sites may be selected to bracket sources of pollution, influence of tributaries, changes in land uses, and hydrological modifications.

7.               Routine monitoring sites are chosen based on accessibility. When possible, sites are selected where it is possible to collect flow measurements during routine visits or where a stream flow gage is located.

Critical vs. non-critical measurements

 

All data taken for CRP and entered into the SWQM portion of the TRACS database are considered critical.

 


Monitoring Sites for FY 2006

 

The sample design for surface water quality monitoring is shown in Table B1.1 below.  

 

Table B1.1 - Sample Design and Schedule, FY 2006

 

Segment

Site Description

Station ID

Monitoring Resp

Monitor

Monitor Type

24 HR DO

Aquatic Habitat

Benthics

Nekton

Metals Water

Organics Water

Metals Sediment

Organics Sediment

Conventional

Amb Tox Wat

Amb Tox Sed

Bacteria

Inst Flow

Fish Tissue

Field

501

SABINE RIVER AT CHANNEL CAN 3, 3/4 MILE BELOW MOUTH OF NEW COW BAYOU

10391

SR

SR

RT

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

12

 

 

12

 

 

12

501

SABINE RIVER AT CHANNEL CAN 3, 3/4 MILE BELOW MOUTH OF NEW COW BAYOU

10391

SR

SR

SS

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

6

 

 

 

6

 

6

501

SABINE RIVER AT CHANNEL LIGHT 13, 1 1/4 MILES ABOVE MOUTH OF NEW COW BAYOU

10393

SR

SR

RT

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

12

 

 

12

 

 

12

501

SABINE RIVER AT IH 10 IN ORANGE

10394

SR

SR

RT

 

 

 

 

1

 

1

 

12

 

 

12

 

 

12

501

SABINE RIVER AT IH 10 IN ORANGE

10394

SR

SR

SS

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

6

 

 

 

6

 

6

501

ICWW 3.2 KM EAST OF SABINE RIVER AT PERRY RIDGE IN CALCASIEU PARISH, LA

15653

SR

SR

RT

 

 

 

 

1

 

 

 

12

 

 

12

 

 

12

501

ICWW 3.2 KM EAST OF SABINE RIVER AT PERRY RIDGE IN CALCASIEU PARISH, LA

15653

SR

SR

SS

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

6

 

 

 

6

 

6

501

BLACK BAYOU IN CAMERON PARISH, LA, 0.7 KM UPSTREAM OF CONFLUENCE WITH SABINE RIVER

15654

SR

SR

RT

 

 

 

 

1

 

1

 

12

 

 

12

 

 

12

501

BLACK BAYOU IN CAMERON PARISH, LA, 0.7 KM UPSTREAM OF CONFLUENCE WITH SABINE RIVER

15654

SR

SR

SS

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

6

 

 

 

6

 

6

501

SABINE RIVER AT CHANNEL LIGHT 20, 495 M UPSTREAM OF THE CONFLUENCE WITH ADAMS BAYOU AND 70 M FROM THE EAST BANK (SRT1B)

18055

SR

SR

RT

 

 

 

 

1

 

1

 

12

 

 

12

 

 

12

501

SABINE RIVER MID-CHANNEL 221 M DOWNSTREAM OF OLD HIGHWAY 90 IN CITY OF ORANGE (SRT1C)

18056

SR

SR

RT

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

12

 

 

12

 

 

12

501

SABINE RIVER MID-CHANNEL 221 M DOWNSTREAM OF OLD HIGHWAY 90 IN CITY OF ORANGE (SRT1C)

18056

SR

SR

SS

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

6

 

 

 

6

 

6

501

SABINE RIVER TIDAL 8.63 KM UPSTREAM OF IH10 AND 285 M DOWNSTREAM OF THE OLD SABINE RIVER CONFLUENCE IN ORANGE COUNTY SRT3

18454

SR

SR

RT

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

501

SABINE RIVER TIDAL 8.63 KM UPSTREAM OF IH10 AND 285 M DOWNSTREAM OF THE OLD SABINE RIVER CONFLUENCE IN ORANGE COUNTY SRT3

18454

SR

SR

SS

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

6

 

 

 

6

 

6

501

SABINE RIVER TIDAL 9.02 KM UPSTREAM OF IH10 AND 130 M UPSTREAM OF THE OLD SABINE RIVER CONFLUENCE IN ORANGE COUNTY SRT4

18455

SR

SR

SS

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

6

 

 

 

6

 

6

502

SABINE RIVER 12.00 KM UPSTREAM OF IH 10 (GC-1)

10395

SR

SR

RT

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

12

 

 

12

 

 

12

502

SABINE RIVER AT SH 12 NORTH OF DEWEYVILLE,TX. (GC-2)

10397

SR

SR

RT

 

 

 

 

1

 

1

 

12

 

 

12

12

 

12

502

SABINE RIVER AT SH 12 NORTH OF DEWEYVILLE,TX. (GC-2)

10397

SR

SR

SS

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

6

 

 

 

6

 

6

503

ANACOCO BAYOU AT LOUISIANA HWY 111 CROSSING SOUTHWEST OF KNIGHT LA.(GC-4)

10340

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